Common Grackle Sources

Alsop III, F. J., 2001. Birds of North America. DK Publishing Inc.

National Geographic. 2002. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C.

Peer, B. D., and E. K. Bollinger. 1997. Common Grackle ( Quiscalus quiscula ). In The Birds of North America , No. 271 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences , Philadelphia , PA , and The American Ornthologists' Union , Washington , D.C.

Sibley, D. A. 2000. The Sibley Guide to Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Cornell Lab of Ornithology: All About Birds Bird Guide

Hays Cummins Photo Gallery: European Starling, Common Grackle 1 , and Common Grackle 2

Bird Watchers Digest

Bird Life International

Ohio Department of Natural Resources

United States Geological Survey: Breeding Bird Survey

Morgue File: Photography